English
РусскийSpecification of Effective Mentoring Behaviors for Career Success Outcomes: What do Good Mentors Do?
Abstract
Although much research has been done in the past few decades to link mentors' enactment of mentoring functions (e.g., career support, psychosocial support) to career success outcomes for mentees, there has been virtually little systematic examination of the most appropriate mentoring behaviors underlying these functions. This lack of understanding of what good mentoring looks like at a specific behavioral level has been a limitation to both our understanding of the mentoring process and our ability to choose and/or train mentors. Here, we conduct a thorough literature review of the mentoring research, describe the extent to which behaviors have been specified in the scholarly literature, and extract key themes from the mentoring literature. A total of 530 unique behaviors were identified, many of which could be clustered these into one of the two higher-order mentoring functions, “career-related” and “psychosocial support.” Key themes and example behaviors are provided.
[1] Allen, T. D., Finkelstein, L. M., Poteet, M. L. (2009). Designing workplace mentoring programs: An evidence-based approach. Malden, MA, USA, 2013. 182 pages.
[2] Allen, T. D., Eby, L. T., Poteet, M. L., Lentz, E., Lima, L. Career benefits associated with mentoring for protégés: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2004, 89, 1, 127–136.
[3] Underhill, C. M. The effectiveness of mentoring programs in corporate settings: A meta-analytic review of the literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2006, 68, 2, 292-307.
[4] Eby, L.T., Allen, T.D., Evans, S.C., Ng, T.W.H., & DuBois, D.L. Does mentoring matter? A multidisciplinary meta-analysis comparing mentored and non-mentored individuals. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2008, 72, 2, 254–267.
[5] Dougherty, T. W., Turban, D. B., & Haggard, D. L. Naturally occurring mentoring relationships involving workplace employees. In T. Allen & L. Eby (Eds). The Blackwell handbook of mentoring (pp. 139-158). Malden, MA, USA, 2007. 520 pages.
[6] Allen, T. D., Shockley, K, M., & Poteat, L. Protégé anxiety attachment and feedback in mentoring relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2007, 77, 1, 73-80.
[7] Day, R., & Allen, T. D. (2004). The relationship between career motivation and self-efficacy with protégé career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2004, 64, 1, 72-91.
[8] Scandura, T.A. & Hamilton, B.A. Enhancing performance through mentoring. In S. Sonnentag (Ed.). Psychological management of individual performance (pp. 293-308). New York, USA, 2002, Wiley. 540 pages.
[9] Allen et al., 2009, op. cit.
[10] Allen. T. D., & Poteet, M. L. (2011). Enhancing our knowledge of mentoring with a person-centric approach. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2011, 4, 1, 126-130.
[11] Lankau, M. J. & Scandura, T. A. Mentoring as a forum for personal learning in organizations. In In B. Ragins & K. Kram (Eds). The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research, and practice. (pp. 95-122). Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2007. 745 pages.
[12] Kram, K. E. Mentoring at work: Developmental relationships in organizational life. Glenview, IL, USA, 1985. 252 pages.
[13] Allen, T. D., Eby, L. T., & Lentz, E. Mentorship behaviors and mentorship quality associated with formal mentoring programs: Closing the gap between research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2006, 91, 3, 567–578.
[14] Scandura, T. A., & Pellegrini, E. K. Workplace mentoring: Theoretical approaches and methodological issues. In T. Allen & L. Eby (Eds), 2007, op. cit.
[15] Pellegrini, E. K., & Scandura, T. A. Construct equivalence across groups: An unexplored issue in mentoring research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2005, 65, 2, 323-335.
[16] Wanberg, C. R., Welsh, E. T., & Hezlett, S. A. Mentoring research: A review and dynamic process model. Research in personnel and human resources management, 2003, 22, 1, 39-124.
[17] Scandura. T. A. & Ragins, B. R. The effects of sex and gender role orientation on mentorship in male-dominated occupations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1993, 43, 3, 251-265.
